Gillison ML, Chaturvedi AK, Lowy DR. HPV prophylactic vaccines and the potential prevention of noncervical cancers in both men and women. The Cervarix vaccine has been found to provide partial protection against a few additional HPV types not included in the vaccine that can cause cancer, a phenomenon called cross-protection (8). : A national cohort analysis. VLPs are not infectious because they lack the virus’s DNA. HPV vaccination is preventing cancer-causing infections and precancers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2018; 110(2). Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of related viruses. Kjaer SK, NygÃ¥rd M, Dillner J, et al. CDC twenty four seven. Stokley S, Jeyarajah J, Yankey D, et al. Drolet M, Bénard É, Pérez N, Brisson M; HPV Vaccination Impact Study Group. Should HPV vaccines be given to women who are already infected with HPV or have cervical cell changes? With more than 12 years of data, we know that HPV vaccine offers long-lasting protection against HPV infection and HPV disease. The current HPV vaccines are based on virus-like particles (VLPs) that are formed by HPV surface components. These vaccines work by stimulating the immune system to specifically target and kill infected cells. The Lancet. Vaccine 2011; 29(46):8279-8284. HPV vaccines are highly immunogenic. However, a higher proportion of syncope (fainting) and venous thromboembolic events (blood clots) were seen with Gardasil than are usually seen with other vaccines. HPV infections are so common that nearly all men and women will get at least one type of HPV at some time in their lives. However, some adults age 27 through 45 years who are not already vaccinated may decide to get HPV vaccine after speaking with their doctor about their risk for new HPV infections and the possible benefits of vaccination. Other HPV vaccines are available outside the U.S. All of these vaccines help … Not only does vaccination protect vaccinated individuals against infection by the HPV types targeted by the respective vaccine, but also vaccination of a significant proportion of the population can reduce the prevalence of the vaccine-targeted HPV types in the population, thereby providing some protection for individuals who are not vaccinated (a phenomenon called herd immunity). Continued HPV Vaccine's Safety Record. This makes the vaccines highly effective. The most recent safety data review for HPV vaccines continues to indicate that these vaccines are safe (22). Before they could be licensed, all three HPV vaccines were tested for safety and efficacy in tens of thousands of people in the United States and many other countries. Three HPV vaccines are currently available in Belgium with the 9-valent (" 9HPV " - 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) offering protection against most of HPVassociated diseases. Widespread HPV vaccination has the potential to reduce cervical cancer incidence around the world by as much as 90% (8, 12). Some people report having very mild side effects, like a sore arm from the shot. A 12-year follow-up on the long-term effectiveness of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in 4 Nordic countries. However, the incidence of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer and anal cancer has been increasing in the United States (18) while the incidence of cervical cancer has declined, due mainly to highly effective cervical cancer screening programs. HPV vaccination does not lose the ability to protect against new HPV infections over time. Three doses are recommended for people with weakened immune systems aged 9 through 26 years. 2018. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine safety review and safety monitoring plans for nine-valent HPV vaccine in the United States. Until recently, the other cancers caused by HPV were less common than cervical cancer. Among these, two HPV types cause genital warts, and about a dozen HPV types can cause certain types of cancer—cervical, anal, oropharyngeal, penile, vulvar, and vaginal. A clinical trial of Gardasil in men indicated that it can prevent anal cell changes caused by persistent infection and genital warts (13). Complementary & Alternative Medicine (CAM), Coping with Your Feelings During Advanced Cancer, Emotional Support for Young People with Cancer, Young People Facing End-of-Life Care Decisions, Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Treatment, Tech Transfer & Small Business Partnerships, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Milestones in Cancer Research and Discovery, Step 1: Application Development & Submission, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, ACIP specifies different dosing schedules, http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/Vaccines/HPV/Index.html, http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/vfc/index.html, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, infections with HPV 16 and 18 decreased by 83% among girls aged 15–19 years and by 66% among women aged 20–24 years at up to 8 years after vaccination began, diagnoses of anogenital warts decreased by 67% among girls aged 15–19 years and by 54% among women aged 20–24 years at up to 9 years after vaccination began. Teens and young adults who start the series later, at ages 15 through 26 years, need three doses of HPV vaccine. Some people should not get some HPV vaccines, including: HPV vaccines are safe for children who are mildly ill – for example, with a low-grade fever of less than 101 degrees, a cold, runny nose, or cough. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2018; 66(3):339-345. HPV vaccine has the potential to prevent more than 90% of HPV-attributable cancers. More than 98% of recipients develop an antibody response to HPV types included in the respective vaccines 1 month after completing a full vaccination series. Trimble CL, Morrow MP, Kraynyak KA, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper, May 2017-Recommendations. Vaccines, like any medicine, can have side effects. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2015; 107(3). This allows your body to build almost complete protection against HPV before you have contact with the virus. For example, in Australia, where a high proportion of girls are vaccinated with Gardasil, the incidence of genital warts went down during the first 4 years of the vaccination program among young males—who were not being vaccinated at the time—as well as among young females (16). Magnan S, Tota JE, El-Zein M, et al. Gee J, Naleway A, Shui I, et al. Vaccination is not recommended for everyone older than age 26 years. ACIP specifies different dosing schedules, depending on the age of the individual (5). Gardasil-9 (Merck), a nine-valent HPV vaccine (9vHPV) that protects against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58, is the only HPV vaccine currently distributed in the U.S. How Well Do These Vaccines Work? Ages for Vaccination • Minimum age: 9 years • Routine age: 11-12 years • Recommended through age 26 years if not vaccinated previously. Applies to human papillomavirus vaccine: intramuscular suspension Side effects requiring immediate medical attention Along with its needed effects, human papillomavirus vaccine may cause some unwanted effects. See What research is being done on strategies to prevent HPV infection? Yet vaccination rates remain low, and incidence of HPV infection remains high. More information is available from the CDC at http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/Vaccines/HPV/Index.html. To learn more, see VFC program. People who have an allergy to yeast (Gardasil and Gardasil 9). New England Journal of Medicine 2011; 364(5):401-411. Infectious Diseases 2017; 17(12):1293-1302. 2018. Less than 1 in 10,000 people who have the Gardasil HPV vaccine experience: difficulty breathing and restriction of the airways; Other side effects. All three HPV vaccines protect against HPV types 16 and 18 that cause most HPV cancers. Chaturvedi AK, Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM, et al. The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is unique among vaccines because it can prevent cancer. Tell your doctor about any severe allergies. HPV is a group of more than 200 related viruses, of which more than 40 are spread through direct sexual contact. Do women who have been vaccinated still need to be screened for cervical cancer? HPV vaccination in this age range provides less benefit, as more people have already been exposed to HPV. Cervarix and Gardasil are still used in other countries. A large study using national data from women across Australia, where vaccination rates are high, found that one dose of HPV vaccine was as effective as two or three doses in preventing high-grade cervical lesions (28). HPV vaccination should be delayed for people who are unwell and have a high temperature, or are feeling hot and shivery. New England Journal of Medicine 2006; 354(11):1109–1112. For example, compared with the period before vaccination began,Â. Sampson JN, Hildesheim A, Herrero R, et al. In the case of permitted digital reproduction, please credit the National Cancer Institute as the source and link to the original NCI product using the original product's title; e.g., “Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines was originally published by the National Cancer Institute.”.

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